Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
##common.pageHeaderLogo.altText##

Original Article

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): January 2025

Translation and validation of the Indonesian version of the seek counseling inventory for adolescents

DOI
https://doi.org/10.55048/jpns144
Published
2025-01-15

Abstract

Background: Adolescents in Indonesia encounter a range of psychological and social challenges, including stress, anxiety, and academic pressures. However, cultural stigma and traditional beliefs often hinder their willingness to access mental health services. Reliable and culturally appropriate assessment tools are essential to evaluate adolescents’ readiness to seek counseling and to identify barriers that may prevent timely intervention.

Objective: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Seek Counseling Inventory (SCI) into Indonesian and to evaluate its psychometric properties, ensuring its suitability for use among Indonesian adolescents.

Methods: A systematic cross-cultural adaptation process was conducted, involving forward translation, back-translation, expert panel review, and pretesting. Content validity was assessed by a panel of five experts using Aiken’s V, while construct validity was examined through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The study recruited 435 high school students aged 13–18 years through convenience sampling. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results: The Indonesian version of the SCI demonstrated strong content validity, with Aiken’s V scores ranging from 0.80 to 1.00. CFA results indicated an acceptable model fit (TLI = 0.976, CFI = 0.947, RMSEA = 0.051), supporting the instrument’s structural validity. Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.822, indicating stable and coherent measurement of counseling attitudes.

Conclusions: The Indonesian SCI is a valid and reliable tool for assessing counseling attitudes among adolescents. Its application can guide culturally sensitive mental health programs, enhance early identification of support needs, and contribute to reducing stigma toward counseling in Indonesia.

References

  1. Aiken, L. R. (1985). Content validity and reliability of single items or questionnaires. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012
  2. Ardi, R., & Maulana, F. I. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of mental health tools in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Psychology, 24(3), 183–194.
  3. Arnett, J. J. (2014). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
  4. Asher, M., & Burrows, C. (2017). The role of counseling in adolescent mental health. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 30(4), 427–441.
  5. Atkinson, D. R., & Gim, R. H. (1989). Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes toward mental health services. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(2), 209–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.36.2.209
  6. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009207038801600107
  7. Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186–3191. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014
  8. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
  9. Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (3rd ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757421
  10. Cash, T. F., Begley, P. J., McCown, D. A., & Weise, B. C. (1975). When counselors are heard but not seen: Initial impact of physical attractiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22(4), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076749 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076730
  11. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
  12. DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
  13. Field, A. (2017). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
  14. Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C., & Beaton, D. (1993). Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: Literature review and proposed guidelines. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 46(12), 1417–1432. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(93)90142-N DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(93)90142-N
  15. Hetrick, S. E., Bailey, A. P., Smith, K. E., & Robinson, J. (2016). Universal and indicated psychological interventions for preventing depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(7), CD003380. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003380.pub3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003380.pub3
  16. Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modeling: Guidelines for determining model fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
  17. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  18. Kenny, D. A. (2020). Measuring model fit. https://davidakenny.net/cm/fit.htm
  19. Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
  20. Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., de Vet, H. C. W., & van der Beek, A. J. (2014). Construct validity of the individual work performance questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000113
  21. Lee, J. H., & Chang, K. S. (2021). Barriers to mental health counseling among Asian adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(3), 239–244.
  22. Levin, K. A., Currie, C., Muldoon, J., & Kirby, J. (2009). Cross-national study of school students: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. International Journal of Public Health, 54(Suppl. 2), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-5404-6
  23. Li, H. Y., Wang, Q., & Chen, Z. L. (2010). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of counseling inventories: A review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 3(2), 87–92.
  24. Li, L. C., & Chan, J. H. (2004). The influence of cultural values on counseling preferences of Asian Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.10.3.214
  25. MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//1082-989X.1.2.130
  26. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  27. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
  28. Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Focus on research methods: Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199
  29. Prawitasari-Hadiyono, J. (2017). Cultural considerations in mental health counseling in Indonesia. Journal of Counseling and Development, 95(4), 467–475
  30. Rickwood, D. J., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2017). Young people’s help-seeking for mental health problems. Advances in Mental Health, 4(3), 229–251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5172/jamh.4.3.218
  31. Rosenberg, M., Arkin, N., & Lee, Y. (2019). Attitudes toward mental health services and help-seeking among Indonesian adolescents. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 12(3), 103–110.
  32. Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
  33. Sharma, S., & Sarin, J. (2018). Translation and validation of psychological inventories: A guide for cross-cultural studies. International Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 45–55.
  34. Shin, J., & Ahn, Y. S. (2005). Measuring the intention to seek professional psychological help among Korean college students. Asia Pacific Education Review, 6(1), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03024952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03024952
  35. Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
  36. Tatar, M., & Yildiz, H. (2010). Counseling services in Turkish schools: From past to present. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(2), 1181–1206.
  37. Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd DOI: https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
  38. Thompson, R., & Plaut, S. (2015). Counseling adolescents in culturally diverse settings: An empirical review. School Psychology Quarterly, 30(1), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000088
  39. Thorndike, R. M. (1995). Measurement and evaluation in psychology and education (6th ed.). Macmillan.
  40. Wijaya, H., Soedibyo, S., & Hartini, S. (2020). The role of stigma and cultural beliefs on help-seeking behavior among Indonesian adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health, 25(1), 28–37
  41. Yeh, C. J., Arora, A. K., & Wu, P. (2005). Understanding factors influencing adolescents’ attitudes toward seeking mental health counseling. Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.08.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.08.004
  42. Yusoff, M. S. B. (2019). ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
  43. Zamanzadeh, V., Ghahramanian, A., Rassouli, M., Abbaszadeh, A., Alavi-Majd, H., & Nikanfar, A. R. (2016). Design and implementation content validity study: Development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication. Journal of Caring Sciences, 5(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2016.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2016.005
  44. Zane, N., Sue, S., Hu, L., & Kurasaki, K. (2015). The role of cultural factors in treatment and counseling for Asian populations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(4), 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.4.456

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...